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Electroencephalography

Posted by wikipedia

Electroencephalography is a neuroimaging technique to aid in the neurophysiologic exploration of the electrical activity of the brain by the application of electrodes to the scalp. The resulting traces are known as an electroencephalogram (EEG) and represent so-called brain waves. This device is used to assess brain damage, epilepsy and other problems. EEG can also be used in conjunction with other types of brain imaging

Wave types


Historically four major types of brainwave are recognized (alpha, beta, delta and theta).

  • Beta is the frequency range above 12 Hz (there's no precise agreement on the frequency ranges for all the frequency bands mentioned here). It's often associated with active, busy or anxious thinking and active concentration.
  • Alpha (aka Berger's wave) is the frequency range from 8 Hz to 12 Hz. It's often associated with a relaxed awake mind, daydreaming, watching TV or the first stage in falling asleep.
  • Theta is the frequency range from 4 Hz to 8 Hz and is associated with REM sleep, creativity, visual imagery, reverie and recollection.
  • Delta is the frequency range below 4 Hz and is often associated with deep sleep.

History


Richard Caton (1842–1926), a physician practicing in Liverpool, presented his findings about electrical phenomena of the exposed cerebral hemispheres of rabbits and monkeys in 1875.

German physiologist Hans Berger (1873–1941) began his studies of the human EEG in 1920. He gave the device its name and is sometimes credited with inventing the EEG, though others had performed similar experiments. His work was later expanded by Edgar Douglas Adrian.

In the 1950s, English physician Walter Grey Walter perfected an improvement to EEG called EEG tomography which allowed for the mapping of electrical activity across the surface of the brain.

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