Oodlepic
sensation
The whole of the information from the world that an organism is able to detect, as opposed to perception which refers only to that sensory information of which an organism is consciously aware.

There are 5 main classes of sensation in humans:

  1. Visual
  2. Auditory
  3. Touch / kinesthetic / somatosense
  4. Vestibular sense
  5. Chemical senses
The Visual Sense:

Light is detected by photoreceptors in the eyes. The information is then transmitted to the primary visual cortex region of the occipital lobe via the thalamus.

The Auditory Sense:

Sound waves are detected by hair cells in the cochlea of the inner ear. The information is then transmitted to the primary auditory cortex region of the temporal lobe via the thalamus.

The Somatosenses:

These include skin receptors and receptors in muscles, tendons and joints. Different receptors can detect pressure, temperature, vibration and proprioception. This information is integrated in the somatosensory cortex.

Vestibular sense:

The vestibular sense is more commonly known as the sense of balance and senses the position of the head with respect to gravity. It combines with proprioception to detect the orientation of our head and body in space.

The Chemical senses:

The chemical senses are the sense of taste (gustatory) and smell (olfactory/olfaction).

The five tastes detected by tastebuds are sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami (savory, detects glutamate] and other amino acids). Information is relayed to the thalamus.

The olfactory sense is detected by 50 million receptors located in the nose, and is believed responsible for our detection of pheromones. It is the only sense that is not first processed by the thalamus. It is connected almost directly, via the olfactory bulb, to the emotional centers in the brain which give smells a strong emotional component.

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