Examples:
"The killing of tyrants is justified"
"Squad helps dog bite victim"
Using structural diagrams, we can model this ambiguity.
STRUCTURE A | / / Subject Predicate | | | Verb Phrase | / | Verb Object | | | | | / | | Adj. Noun | | | Squad helps dog bite victim
STRUCTURE B | / / Subject Predicate / | / Verb phrase / | | / | / | Verb Noun phrase | | | | | / | | Noun Verb phrase | | | | | | | / | | | Verb Object | | | | | Squad helps dog bite victim
This type of ambiguity is often exploited for humorous purposes. It can also lead to many misunderstandings.
Scope ambiguity is a type of syntactic ambiguity characterised by confusion over the role a word plays in the sentence. Example: Prostitutes appeal to Pope. There is some debate over whether scope ambiguity represents a unique type of ambiguity or whether it belongs to syntactic ambiguity or lexical semantic ambiguity.
Grouping ambiguity: This is a type of Syntactic ambiguity that is ambiguous because it is unclear whether a modifier in a sentence modifies only one or several objects. Example: Hand me the red and yellow balls. (Hand me the red ball and the yellow ball, Hand me the balls that are red and yellow)
Sources:
http://wilkes.edu/~tindell/Ed515/langcomp.htm
http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/rbeard/syntax.html
http://online.sfsu.edu/~kbach/ambguity.html